The debate has shifted from one of oppositional ideology to one that is much more complex, involving numerous subjective variables and social implications. These issues, albeit categorized into new discourses and scopes of academia, move beyond the traditional sense of development, toward a more inclusive understanding of the underpinnings of development and its direct impact on collective and individual freedoms. Thirty years later, the same issues addressed by Lipset in his monumental study continue to prove difficult terrain for development experts, as well as for development subjects. In the mid-1970s, noted American political scientist Seymour Lipset concluded that “the more well-to-do a nation, the greater the chances it has of sustaining democracy.” Lipset’s assertion was based on numerous empirical studies conducted under the auspices of the Hoover Institution, and has since found its way into the dominant canon of political and economic development.
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